***Replication materials for "The Diffusion of Urban Medieval Representation: The Dominican Order as an Engine of Regime Change"***
*Set working directory to folder containing Dominican_final.dta, Dominican_alt_final.dta, and Dominican_alt_nitaly_final.dta*
*Replicating the Conley SE's require the following stata modules: ols_spatial_HAC, and the reg2hdfespatial module (which require the reg2hdfe and TMPDIR modules). See www.trfetzer.com/conley-spatial-hac-errors-with-fixed-effects/* 


***Main Results***
*Load main dataset**
use Dominican_final.dta, replace

**Table 1**
sum logpop Trade hanse bishop loguni conf logrep logtr assembly Latitude Longitude river coast roman staufer industry cister if bsample==1 

**Table 2**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse*  tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
qui reg introduce dominican  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican `z' bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century#i.cc `z' bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse* tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
ols_spatial_HAC introduce dominican cons if bsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican bishop assembly hansea conf Trade logtra loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican `z' if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican `z' ocm* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican `z' ocd* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table 3**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis* tdconf* tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
qui reg introduce franc  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: margins, dydx(fran) post
qui xtreg introduce franc i.Century  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: margins, dydx(fran) post
qui xtreg introduce franc i.Century conf bishop logpop hansea assemb Trade  loguni  logre logt  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: margins, dydx(fran) post
qui xtreg introduce franc `z' i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: margins, dydx(fran) post
qui xtreg introduce franc i.cc#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep `z' if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: margins, dydx(fran) post
qui xtreg introduce franc `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: margins, dydx(fran) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse* tdconf*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*    
ols_spatial_HAC introduce franc cons if bsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce franc if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce franc bishop assembly Trade logtra conf hansea loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce franc `z' if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce franc `z' ocm* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce franc `z' ocd* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table 4**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdconf* tdhanse* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*  
qui reg introduce aut_dom  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: margins, dydx(aut_dom) post
qui xtreg introduce aut_dom i.Century  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: margins, dydx(aut_dom) post
qui xtreg introduce aut_dom i.Century bishop assembly  conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: margins, dydx(aut_dom) post
qui xtreg introduce aut_dom `z' i.Century bishop assembly  conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: margins, dydx(aut_dom) post
qui xtreg introduce aut_dom i.Century#i.cc `z' i.Century bishop assembly  conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: margins, dydx(aut_dom) post
qui xtreg introduce aut_dom `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: margins, dydx(aut_dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdconf* tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
ols_spatial_HAC introduce aut_dom cons if bsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce aut_dom if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce aut_dom bishop assembly conf hansea Trade logtra loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce aut_dom `z' if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce aut_dom `z' ocm* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce aut_dom `z' ocd* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table 5**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdconf* tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* tdlogp*   
qui reg introduce dom  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dom i.Century  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dom i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dom `z' i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dom i.Century#i.cc i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep `z' if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dom `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdconf* tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*    
ols_spatial_HAC introduce dom cons if bsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dom if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce dom bishop assembly Trade hansea conf logtra loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dom `z' if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dom `z' ocm* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dom `z' ocd* if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)


***Online Appendix***
**Load main dataset**
use Dominican_final.dta, replace

**Table A1**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse*  tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*   bishop 
reg introduc2 dominican  , vce(clu idd)
eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
xtreg introduc2 dominican i.Century    , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
xtreg introduc2 dominican i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep    , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
xtreg introduc2 dominican `z' i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
xtreg introduc2 dominican i.Century#i.cc `z' i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
xtreg introduc2 dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse*  tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*   bishop 
ols_spatial_HAC introduc2 dominican cons , lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduc2 dominican , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduc2 dominican bishop assembly Trade logtra loguni logpop logrep conf , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduc2 dominican `z' , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduc2 dominican `z' ocm* , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduc2 dominican `z' ocd* , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table A2**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis* tdconf* tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*   bishop 
qui reg represen dominican  , vce(clu idd)
eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg represen dominican i.Century    , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg represen dominican i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep   , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg represen dominican `z'  i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg represen dominican i.Century#i.cc `z' i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg represen dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdhanse* tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*  
ols_spatial_HAC represen dominican cons , lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial represen dominican , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial represen dominican bishop assembly Trade logtra loguni hansea logpop logrep conf, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial represen dominican `z' , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial represen dominican `z' ocm* , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial represen dominican `z' ocd* , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)


**Table A3**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis* tdconf* tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*   bishop 
qui reg sumrep dominican  , vce(clu idd)
eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg sumrep dominican i.Century    , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg sumrep dominican i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep   , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg sumrep dominican `z'  i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg sumrep dominican i.Century#i.cc `z' i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg sumrep dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdhanse* tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*  
ols_spatial_HAC sumrep dominican cons , lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial sumrep dominican , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial sumrep dominican bishop assembly Trade logtra loguni hansea logpop logrep conf, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial sumrep dominican `z' , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial sumrep dominican `z' ocm* , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial sumrep dominican `z' ocd* , timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)


**Table A4**
logit introduce dominican if bsample==1, vce(clu cityid)
clogit introduce dominican i.time if bsample==1, group(cityid)
clogit introduce dominican bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep   i.time if bsample==1, group(cityid)

**Table A5**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis* tdconf* tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
qui reg ichange dominican  if isample==1 , vce(clu idd)
eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg ichange dominican i.Century  if isample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg ichange dominican i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep  if isample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg ichange dominican `z' i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if isample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg ichange dominican i.Century#i.cc i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep `z' if isample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg ichange dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if isample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdhanse* tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
ols_spatial_HAC ichange dominican cons if isample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial ichange dominican if isample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial ichange dominican bishop assembly conf hansea Trade logtra loguni logpop logrep if isample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial ichange dominican `z' if isample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial ichange dominican `z' ocm* if isample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial ichange dominican `z' ocd* if isample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table A6**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis* tdconf* tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdconf* tdhanse* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
qui reg echange dominican  if esample==1 , vce(clu idd)
eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg echange dominican i.Century  if esample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg echange dominican i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep  if esample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg echange dominican `z' i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if esample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg echange dominican i.Century#i.cc `z' i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if esample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg echange dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if esample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdconf* tdhanse*  tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
ols_spatial_HAC echange dominican cons if esample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial echange dominican if esample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial echange dominican bishop assembly Trade logtra loguni logpop logrep hansea conf if esample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial echange dominican `z' if esample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial echange dominican `z' ocm* if esample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial echange dominican `z' ocd* if esample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table A7**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdconf* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*   tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* tdconf* tdhanse* tdlogp*   
qui reg gchange dominican  if gsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg gchange dominican i.Century  if gsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg gchange dominican i.Century bishop assembly conf hansea  Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep  if gsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg gchange dominican `z' i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if gsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg gchange dominican i.Century#i.cc i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep `z' if gsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg gchange dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf Trade logpop logtr loguni  logrep if gsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdconf* tdhanse* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*  
ols_spatial_HAC gchange dominican cons if gsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial gchange dominican if gsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial gchange dominican bishop assembly Trade conf hanse logtra loguni logpop logrep if gsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial gchange dominican `z' if gsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial gchange dominican `z' ocm* if gsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial gchange dominican `z' ocd* if gsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table A8**
*Load alternative dataset*
use Dominican_alt_final.dta, replace
local z td*
qui reg introduce x  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(x) post
qui xtreg introduce x i.year  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(x) post
qui xtreg introduce x i.year lnpop bis university parl_ac plundered if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(x) post
qui xtreg introduce x i.year lnpop bis university parl_ac plundered `z' if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(x) post
qui xtreg introduce x i.Century#i.cc `z' i.year lnpop bis university parl_ac plundered if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(x) post
qui xtreg introduce x `z' i.b1200#i.Century i.year lnpop bis university parl_ac plundered if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(x) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z td*
ols_spatial_HAC introduce x cons if bsample==1, lat(latitude) lon(longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(indicator) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce x if bsample==1, timevar(year) panelvar(indicator) lat(latitude) lon(longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce x lnpop bis university parl_ac plundered if bsample==1, timevar(year) panelvar(indicator) lat(latitude) lon(longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce x `z' if bsample==1, timevar(year) panelvar(indicator) lat(latitude) lon(longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce x `z' ocm* if bsample==1, timevar(year) panelvar(indicator) lat(latitude) lon(longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce x `z' ocdocd*  if bsample==1, timevar(year) panelvar(indicator) lat(latitude) lon(longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table A9**
*Load main dataset*
use Dominican_final.dta, replace
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse*  tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
qui reg introduce dominican  if bsample2==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century  if bsample2==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample2==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican `z' bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample2==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century#i.cc `z' bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample2==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican `z' i.border1200#i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample2==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dom) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas* tdhanse* tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr*  tdlogp*   
ols_spatial_HAC introduce dominican cons if bsample2==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican if bsample2==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican bishop assembly hansea conf Trade logtra loguni logpop logrep if bsample2==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican `z' if bsample2==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican `z' ocm* if bsample2==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican `z' ocd* if bsample2==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)

**Table A10**
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis*  tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdconf* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf* tdhanse* tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*   bishop 
qui reg introduce altx  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(altx) post
qui xtreg introduce altx i.Century  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(altx) post
qui xtreg introduce altx i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(altx) post
qui xtreg introduce altx `z' bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(altx) post
qui xtreg introduce altx i.Century#i.cc `z' bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(altx) post
qui xtreg introduce altx `z' i.border1200#i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf  Trade  logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(altx) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
local z  td2-td10 tdL* tdr* tdass* tdindu* tdbis* tdconf* tdlogu* tdcoas*  tdhanse* tdlogre* tdlogt* tdstauf*  tdcis* tdTr* TradeC tdlogp*    
ols_spatial_HAC introduce altx cons if bsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce altx if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce altx bishop assembly Trade logtra loguni logpop conf logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce altx `z'  if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce altx `z' ocm*  if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce altx `z' ocd*  if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)


**Table A11**
*Load second alternative dataset*
use Dominican_alt_nitaly_final.dta, replace

qui reg introduce dominican  if bsample==1 , vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m1: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m2: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m3: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican tdriv* tdhanse* tdcis* tdcoast* tdLat* tdlogrep* tdlogtr* tdLon* tdlogpop* tdloguni* tdstauf* tdconf* tdassem* tdbishop* tdromanc* i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m4: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican tdriv* tdhanse* tdcis* tdcoast* tdLat* tdlogrep* tdlogtr* tdLon* tdlogpop* tdloguni* i.Century##i.cc tdstauf* tdconf* tdassem* tdbishop* tdromanc* i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m5: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
qui xtreg introduce dominican tdriv* tdhanse* tdcis* tdcoast* tdLat* tdlogrep* tdlogtr* tdLon* tdlogpop* tdloguni* tdstauf* i.border1200##i.Century tdconf* tdassem* tdbishop* tdromanc* i.Century bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep  if bsample==1  , fe vce(clu idd)
qui eststo m6: qui margins, dydx(dominican) post
esttab m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m6, se
*Conley SE*
ols_spatial_HAC introduce dominican cons if bsample==1, lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) timevar(Century) panelvar(idd) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) 
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican  tdriv* tdhanse* tdcis* tdcoast* tdLat* tdlogrep* tdlogtr* tdLon* tdlogpop* tdloguni* tdstauf* tdconf* tdassem* tdbishop* tdromanc* bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican ocm* tdriv* tdhanse* tdcis* tdcoast* tdLat* tdlogrep* tdlogtr* tdLon* tdlogpop* tdloguni* tdstauf* tdconf* tdassem* tdbishop* tdromanc* bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
reg2hdfespatial introduce dominican ocd* tdriv* tdhanse* tdcis* tdcoast* tdLat* tdlogrep* tdlogtr* tdLon* tdlogpop* tdloguni* tdstauf* tdconf* tdassem* tdbishop* tdromanc* bishop assembly  hansea conf   logtr loguni logpop logrep if bsample==1, timevar(time) panelvar(cityid) lat(Latitude) lon(Longitude) distcutoff(100) lagcutoff(2)
